Valet Blackjack
That QoD prompted several questions such as this one. We also received a number of comments, both posted publicly and sent privately, arguing that the casino or valet parking company (when the casino subcontracts out its valet services) is liable for damages to cars in its possession, no matter what it says to the contrary on signs in the valet area and right on the valet receipt. Both land-based casinos and online blackjack casinos that support live dealer blackjack require dealers to take at least one more card with the dealer has a soft 17 showing. The dealer will continue taking more cards—until the house’s hand either becomes a hard 17 or higher, or the hand goes over 21 and goes bust. Blackjack basics for players and dealers. The basic rules of blackjack are simple. Players try to score as close to 21 as possible without exceeding 21. In contrast to poker, where players compete with each other, blackjack is a one-on-one game between each player and the dealer. As the dealer, the basic rules of blackjack still apply.
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A jack or knave is a playing card which, in traditional French and English decks, pictures a man in the traditional or historic aristocratic or courtier dress, generally associated with Europe of the 16th or 17th century. The usual rank of a jack is between the ten and the queen. As the lowest face (or 'court') card, the jack often represents a minimum standard — for example, many poker games require a minimum hand of a pair of jacks ('jacks or better') in order to open wagering.
History[edit]
The earliest predecessor of the knave was the thānī nā'ib (second or under-deputy) in the Mamluk card deck. This was the lowest of the three court cards and like all court cards was depicted through abstract art or calligraphy. When brought over to Italy and Spain, the thānī nā'ib was made into an infantry soldier or page ranking below the knight card. In France, where the card was called the valet, the queen was inserted between the king and knight. The knight was subsequently dropped out of non-Tarot decks leaving the valet directly under the queen. The king-queen-valet format then made its way into England.
As early as the mid-16th century the card was known in England as the knave (meaning a male servant of royalty). Although jack was in common usage to designate the knave, the term became more entrenched when, in 1864,[1] American cardmaker Samuel Hart published a deck using 'J' instead of 'Kn' to designate the lowest-ranking court card. The knave card had been called a jack as part of the terminology of the game All Fours since the 17th century, but this usage was considered common or low class. However, because the card abbreviation for knave was so close to that of the king ('Kn' versus 'K'), the two were easily confused. This confusion was even more pronounced after the markings indicating suits and rankings were moved to the corners of the card, a move which enabled players to 'fan' a hand of cards without obscuring the individual suits and ranks. The earliest deck known of this type is from 1693, but such positioning did not become widespread until reintroduced by Hart in 1864, together with the knave-to-jack change. Books of card games published in the third quarter of the 19th century still referred to the 'knave' however, a term that is still recognized in the United Kingdom. (Note the exclamation by Estella in Charles Dickens's novel Great Expectations: 'He calls the knaves, jacks, this boy!')
Representations[edit]
In the English pattern,[2] the jack and the other face cards represent no one in particular,[3] in contrast to the historical French practice, in which each court card is said to represent a particular historical or mythological personage. The valets in the Paris pattern have traditionally been associated with such figures as Ogier the Dane (a knight of Charlemagne and legendary hero of the chansons de geste) for the jack of spades;[4]La Hire (French warrior) for the Jack of Hearts; Hector (mythological hero of the Iliad) for the jack of diamonds; and Lancelot or Judas Maccabeus for the jack of clubs.[5][6]
In some southern Italian decks, there are androgynous knaves that are sometimes referred to as maids. In the Sicilian Tarot deck, the knaves are unambiguously female and are also known as maids.[7] As this deck also includes queens, it is the only traditional set to survive into modern times with two ranks of female face cards. This pack may have been influenced by the obsolete Portuguese deck which also had female knaves. The modern Mexican pattern also has female knaves.[8]
Poetry[edit]
The figure of the jack has been used in many literary works throughout history. Among these is one by 17th-century English writer Samuel Rowlands. The Four Knaves is a series of Satirical Tracts, with Introduction and Notes by E. F. Rimbault, upon the subject of playing cards. His 'The Knave of Clubbs: Tis Merry When Knaves Meet' was first published in 1600, then again in 1609 and 1611. In accordance with a promise at the end of this book, Rowlands went on with his series of Knaves, and in 1612 wrote 'The Knave of Harts: Haile Fellowe, Well Meet', where his 'Supplication to Card-Makers' appears,[9] thought to have been written to the English manufacturers who copied to the English decks the court figures created by the French.
Example cards[edit]
The cards shown here are from a Paris pattern deck (where the rank is known as the 'valet'), and include the historical and mythological names associated with them. The English pattern of the jacks can be seen in the photo at the top of the article.
Jack of spades: Ogier
Jack of hearts: La Hire
Jack of diamonds: Hector
Jack of clubs: Lancelot
Trickster figure[edit]
The jack, traditionally the lowest face card, has often been promoted to a higher or the highest position in the traditional ranking of cards, where the ace or king generally occupied the first rank. This is seen in the earliest known European card games, such as Karnöffel, as well as in more recent ones such as Euchre. Games with such promotion include:
See also[edit]
- 'The Jack', a song by AC/DC, in which the playing card is a metaphor for a sexually transmitted disease
- The Knave of Hearts, a character in Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
- The Jack of Diamonds, a group of artists founded in 1909 in Moscow
- 'Jack of Diamonds', a traditional folk song
- Jack of Diamonds, the title used by George de Sand in the 1994 anime Mobile Fighter G Gundam
- Knave of Hearts, a 1954 film directed by René Clément
- The Jack of Hearts (Jack Hart), a Marvel Comics superhero
- The Jack of Hearts, a 1919 short Western film
- 'Lily, Rosemary and the Jack of Hearts', a song by Bob Dylan
- Pub (trans. The Jack), an album by Đorđe Balašević.
- King, Queen, Knave, a novel by Vladimir Nabokov first published in Russian under his pen name, V. Sirin
References[edit]
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jacks (playing cards). |
- ^Encyclopedia of Play in Today's Society, p. 290, Rodney P. Carlisle - Sage Publications INC 2009 ISBN1-4129-6670-1
- ^English pattern at the International Playing-Card Society. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
- ^Berry, John. (1998). 'Frequently asked questions'. The Playing-Card. Vol. 27-2. pp. 43-45.
- ^Games and Fun with Playing Cards by Joseph Leeming on Google Books
- ^The Four King Truth at the Urban Legends Reference Pages
- ^Courts on playing cards, by David Madore, with illustrations of the English and French court cards
- ^Tarocco Siciliano, early form at the International Playing-Card Society. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
- ^Scotoni, Ralph. Mexican Pattern at Alta Carta. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
- ^The Knave of Harts: Haile Fellowe, Well Meet, where his Supplication to Card-Makers by Samuel Rowlands (1600)
Good card-makers (if there be any goodness in you), Apparrell us with more respected care,
Put us in hats, our caps are worne thread-bare, Let us have standing collers, in the fashion;
Blackjack (also referred to as “21”) is one of the most well-known and sought-after table games in Las Vegas. The basic rules are easy – get closer to 21 than the dealer without going over. Players have the options to stand, hit, split, or double down to beat the house.
If you’re unfamiliar with the game and would like to test your luck the next time you’re in Downtown Las Vegas, here’s the ultimate guide on how to play blackjack.
The Blackjack Basics
As mentioned, the goal of blackjack is to have the sum of your dealt cards (your hand) get as close to 21 without going over. When adding up your cards, each one carries its own point value:
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- Cards 2 – 10 count as whatever number they denote
- Face cards (kings, queens & jacks) are each 10 points
- Aces can either count as 1 or 11 (whichever is more beneficial for your hand)
The best possible hand would be a “blackjack,” or a two-card 21 consisting of a face card and an ace. Getting a blackjack means you automatically win. However, if the dealer also gets a blackjack, the result is a “push” and you get your original bet back.
In the game of blackjack, there are three fundamental ways in which you can win:
- The value of your hand is higher than the dealer’s hand without going over 21
- The dealer’s hand goes over 21
- Your first two cards are a blackjack, and the dealer does not have a blackjack
Placing Your Bets
Like with any table game at the casino, the first thing you should do is verify the minimum bet at the table. Then, place your wager in the betting area. Don’t worry, the dealer will let you know exactly where to put it.
You must place the minimum bet to be included in the game before the cards are dealt. You will need to give your cash to the dealer to exchange for chips before placing your bet if you don’t already have chips.
The Game Begins
After placing your bet, the dealer and the players get two cards each. With traditional blackjack, the players’ cards will all be dealt face up. One of the dealer’s cards faces up, and the other is dealt face down. That card is referred to as the “hole card.”
The dealer looks to the first player on his or her left and moves in a circle for each player to make a decision regarding their hand. Here are your choices:
- Stand: The player stays with their hand without requesting additional cards. Generally, you want to stand if your hand is close to 21, so you don’t risk busting.
- Hit: The player draws another card or cards, depending on the sum of the hand. Once you reach a satisfactory number close to 21, then you stand. If the additional card(s) causes your total to exceed 21, you bust and are out of the game.
- Double: With this option, you can double your bet and get one more card. However, you only get one more card and have no other options after that.
- Split: If you are dealt a pair or two face cards, you have the option to split them into two separate hands. You must double your bet if you choose to split. You then have the opportunity to stand, hit, or double for each hand.
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When all players complete their hands, the dealer plays his or her hand last, starting with the reveal of the hole card. If these two cards add up to 16 or less, the dealer must hit until reaching 17 or more. If the two cards add up to 17 to 21, the dealer must stand. Like the players, the dealer busts after exceeding 21.
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If you lose to the dealer, you lose the bet. If you win, you get your bet back plus more money. If you tie, the bet cancels (push). If you get a natural blackjack, you generally get one and a half times your bet.
Insider Blackjack Tips
It’s one thing to understand the rules of blackjack, but it’s always helpful to have some basic tips in your back pocket.
Tip #1: You’re Playing Against the Dealer
Remember, the house will always hit if the dealer’s hand is 16 or less and always stand if it’s 17 or more. Even with one card facing down, you can predict what the dealer may have by assuming the hole card will be a face card.
The odds of getting a card with a value of 10 is higher than any other card in blackjack, so it’s generally a safe and wise assumption to make. Keep the dealer’s hand in mind rather than just trying to rack up your own total.
Tip #2: Hand Signals
Don’t be intimidated if you see other players using hand gestures rather than simply saying, “stand,” or “hit.” You won’t have to play long before picking up on these. Whether you choose to use hand gestures or not, the dealer does not expect you to know them and will respond just as easily to your verbal choices. However, if you do want to use them, here’s what you need to know:
- Stand: Wave your hand over your dealt cards to let the dealer know you do not want any additional cards.
- Hit: Using the tips of your fingers, tap or scratch the table next to your cards. This signals to the dealer that you want another card.
- Double or Split: First, add your additional bet to the table. Then either hold up 1 finger to double down or 2 fingers to split.
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Tip #3: Give Yourself Extra Time
If you’re new to blackjack, the best place for you to sit is to the dealer’s right. Dealers always start with the first person on their left, meaning that “base seat” person may feel rushed to make a quick decision because all the other players are still waiting to go. By sitting in the last seat, you give yourself some extra time to think about your hand and observe the other players’ moves without any pressure.
Blackjack at Downtown Grand
Of course, blackjack isn’t confined to the Strip. Downtown Las Vegas has become increasingly popular for blackjack players due to lower table limits, better odds, free drinks, and an endless list of fun things to do in Downtown Las Vegas.
All of your favorite table games, including blackjack, are in one easily accessible Downtown Las Vegas location: the Downtown Grand Hotel & Casino. Here, you’ll have a riveting gambling experience that will keep you coming back again and again. Thanks to the 11 blackjack tables on our downtown casino floor, you’ll always find an open seat for your chance to win big!